How does the author use symbolism in the novel, Tokyo Ueno Station?

One example of symbolism can be seen in the Olympics, which serve as a symbol of the inequitable and unbalanced structure of Japanese society which facilitates Kazu's life of constant work and struggle and therefore bears considerable responsibility for his unhappiness. Kazu digs foundations and constructs buildings for the 1964 Games, though he could never afford to attend them. At the end of the novel, he sees a sign advertising Japan's bid to host the 2020 Games and wonders if this would result in the homeless once again being evicted from Ueno Park. With the lowest socioeconomic status, the needs and safety of the homeless seem to be of the lowest priority to the Japanese government.