Equality vs. Hierarchy in the Classroom is a recurring idea in the text. The key orienting value of 20th century left-wing politics and politics on the growing left in the late 19th century is that of human equality. The view that all humans have equal worth is taken to be the cornerstone of any leftist approach to political life. If it is not "egalitarian" in spirit, then it is not a form of leftism. Ayers's leftism is no exception. He is hostile to hierarchical institutions and as a deeply committed leftist, he is willing to push his commitment to equality into education in a radical form.