How are ground-to-ground missiles different than surface-to-air missiles as noted in the nonfiction book, Thirteen Days; a Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Essentially offensive weapons, as opposed to surface-to-air missiles, ground-to-ground missiles can have an intercontinental range or ICBMs for shorter ranges. Contrary to public and private promises, the Soviet Union installs 16-32 medium range ballistic missiles or MRBMs in Cuba, capable of striking 1,000 miles into the United States. It is estimated that they will be operational in a week and having half the power of the total Soviet arsenal, they can kill 80 million Americans in minutes. The JCS unanimously calls for immediate military action, but JFK decides instead to blockade the island and use diplomacy on Moscow.