Throughout the novel, beginning with tales of his own ancestors, Gunnar speaks of black men who have unwittingly aided in the oppression, even persecution, of their own race. One of Gunnar's relatives first works painting signs promoting and enforcing Segregation and then later goes on to help create the radio program Amos n Andy, a program many think set the portrayal of black people back to the ridiculous stereotypes of the minstrel shows of the previous century. Gunnar's own father works for the Los Angeles Police Department, a governmental agency many black men at the time the novel regard as the supreme enemy.