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Catholicism reduced the Indian converts into passive believers because the religion was ruled by European councils. At the end of the 16th Century, Christianity was directed by the Church in Europe. Thus the only version of Christianity available to be offered to the natives was European Christianity. The Indians were not given the opportunity to actively participate in the religion, to question it, nor to guide it for the future. That was a particularly significant blow to the Indians because they did not have any great philosophers of their own. Nor did they have any philosophical or religious means with which to battle the religion that was being imposed on them. In addition, they were not permitted to think through the new religion on their own terms. Thus in that manner, the Indian believers became passive participants in the new religion.