What does the old man, Melchizedek, encourage Santiago to do in the novel, The Alchemist?

The king, Melchizedek, encourages Santiago to think for himself and suggests that he learn to read the omens. He gives Santiago the two stones that he says will help him make decisions if he finds that he cannot. The king's demeanor and his words remain with Santiago throughout the story. As Santiago's journey ensues, he meets other characters along the way that occasionally strongly remind him of the old man, and Santiago finds the thought of him to be both comforting and inspiring.