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Chapter 3, "The Silence," discusses the first public debate of slavery and the slave trade in 1790. The heart of the matter was the Constitution's Article I, Section 9, paragraph 1, which states, "The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight." Two groups of Quakers petitioned Congress to do something about the moral blot that slavery made on the new nation, and the Deep South reacted with such vehemence that it could not be allowed to die a quiet legislative death. Theology and economy marked the early debate, but moved on to outright racism, when the practicalities of emancipation were considered. The U.S. was, self-evidently, an Anglo-Saxon nation until this debate. For the next 70 years, the country would be divided over what to do with the black population, slave and free. Integration had never succeeded in history. Relocation was problematic. As in 1787, the first Congress in 1790 dodged the question, setting up the crisis of the Civil War.

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