In what way does the theme of gratitude arise within the final chapter of the novel?

In the final chapter of the novel, Chapter 45, Amal acknowledges that ultimately, it is not only her supporters, but also her detractors, who have made her into the person she is today. As a result, she is grateful to all of them for the ways in which they have, sometimes unwittingly, challenged her "to embrace [her] identity as a young Australian-Palestinian-Muslim girl" (360).